During the world wars, the condition was known under various terms, including ' shell shock', 'war nerves', neurasthenia and ' combat neurosis'. A few instances of evidence of post-traumatic illness have been argued to exist from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, such as the diary of Samuel Pepys, who described intrusive and distressing symptoms following the 1666 Fire of London. Symptoms of trauma-related mental disorders have been documented since at least the time of the ancient Greeks. Higher rates may occur in regions of armed conflict. In much of the rest of the world, rates during a given year are between 0.5% and 1%. In the United States, about 3.5% of adults have PTSD in a given year, and 9% of people develop it at some point in their life. Medications, other than some SSRIs or SNRIs, do not have enough evidence to support their use and, in the case of benzodiazepines, may worsen outcomes.

It is not known whether using medications and counselling together has greater benefit than either method separately. Benefits from medication are less than those seen with counselling. Antidepressants of the SSRI or SNRI type are the first-line medications used for PTSD and are moderately beneficial for about half of people. The main treatments for people with PTSD are counselling (psychotherapy) and medication. Prevention may be possible when counselling is targeted at those with early symptoms, but is not effective when provided to all trauma-exposed individuals regardless of whether symptoms are present. C-PTSD is similar to PTSD, but has a distinct effect on a person's emotional regulation and core identity. Those who experience prolonged trauma, such as slavery, concentration camps, or chronic domestic abuse, may develop complex post-traumatic stress disorder (C-PTSD).

People who experience interpersonal violence such as rape, other sexual assaults, being kidnapped, stalking, physical abuse by an intimate partner, and childhood abuse are more likely to develop PTSD than those who experience non- assault based trauma, such as accidents and natural disasters. Most people who experience traumatic events do not develop PTSD. A person with PTSD is at a higher risk of suicide and intentional self-harm. Young children are less likely to show distress, but instead may express their memories through play. These symptoms last for more than a month after the event. Symptoms may include disturbing thoughts, feelings, or dreams related to the events, mental or physical distress to trauma-related cues, attempts to avoid trauma-related cues, alterations in the way a person thinks and feels, and an increase in the fight-or-flight response. Post-traumatic stress disorder ( PTSD) is a mental and behavioral disorder that develops from experiencing a traumatic event, such as sexual assault, warfare, traffic collisions, child abuse, domestic violence, or other threats on a person's life or well-being. Suicide cardiac, respiratory, musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, and immunological disorders Ĭounseling, medication, MDMA-assisted psychotherapy, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors Ĩ.7% ( lifetime risk) 3.5% ( 12-month risk) (US) Medical condition Post-traumatic stress disorderĭisturbing thoughts, feelings, or dreams related to the event mental or physical distress to trauma-related cues efforts to avoid trauma-related situations increased fight-or-flight response

Dsm 5 diagnostic criteria for ptsd